Showing posts with label business. Show all posts
Showing posts with label business. Show all posts
sickImage by jungmoon via FlickrI didn't know this, or at least this is to say that there are some companies, perhaps small ones, that don't allow paid sick leave.

this study finds out that providing for workers a paid sick leave is beneficial.

Read on...
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THE ASSOCIATED PRESS May 20, 2011, 11:06AM ET
By BRUCE SHIPKOWSKI
TRENTON, N.J.

Providing paid sick leave for all New Jersey workers would provide public health benefits as well as financial benefits for businesses, a study found.
Rutgers University's Center for Women and Work, which released the study findings on Thursday, found more than 1.2 million private sector workers in New Jersey don't get paid sick days.
If ailing workers know they can stay home and still be paid, they'll be able to get earlier and preventive health care and would be more likely to avoid costly visits to hospital emergency rooms, its authors concluded. They said that would reduce health care costs and allow workers to return to the job sooner.
"People without paid sick leave often have to choose between going to work sick and paying their bills. This highlights a disconnect between common sense measures that can aid public health and current policies," said Jonathan Heller of Human Impact Partners, a California-based organization focusing on health issues. "We must not only see (providing paid sick days) as good labor policy, but as good public health policy."
Proponents say they're not aware of any lawmakers who are planning to introduce such legislation, though they remain hopeful it will get more attention in the near future.
But the New Jersey Business and Industry Association says mandating paid sick leave would have a "serious, negative effect" on small businesses.
"Most large firms already provide it, so it really is a small business issue. And most small businesses either can't afford to do it or don't have enough people to cover shifts that need to be covered or perform duties that need to be done," associated President Phil Kirschner said. "Small companies also tend to be more flexible on these matters, so not providing paid sick days doesn't mean they don't accommodate employees when they're sick."

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Taken from businenessweek.com; source article is below:
Study: Workers, firms benefit from paid sick leave

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final of All-Japan Judo Championships in 2007Image via WikipediaWe had our internal meeting today, and one of the questions that I asked is how the company is managing the supply shortage with Japan out of the supply chain.

"They are scampering to switch substrates," was the answer. Who is the 'they'? Those in-charge, of course.

Anyway, that isn't the point at all.

The point is - that change is so massive, and so massive that if the future, in the event that Japan comes back to the playing field and starts producing, the switch back may not be that easy after all.

So the question is, when the time comes, and Japan springs back to production, will everybody else be willing to switch back?

I'm just preempting the possible extent of Japan's damage, even in its industries.

Will Japan ever recover position as world key player afterwards?

Just my thoughts...

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I think this is where women are not equal with men...
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Executive women face serious ‘male’ health problems
PUBLISHED | JANUARY 31, 2011

While women are fighting for equality in the workplace and are taking on executive positions in the corporate world, there is a downside to their professional success and it comes in the form of serious health problems, once typically associated with men.

Macquarie University’s Faculty of Business and Economics and iConneXX Pty Ltd are bringing together a blend of business, law, risk management, psychology and health experts at the inaugural ‘The Body & Mind Corporate’, a strategic workshop to explore the serious psychological and physical health conditions that have started to surface in executive women.

Experts such as general practitioner Dr Carole Hungerford, author of Good Health in the 21st Century and Nicola Gates, a registered Clinical Neuropsychologist, who has trained in executive coaching and cognitive behaviour training for anxiety and depression, will discuss strategies to address women’s health issues at ‘The Body & Mind Corporate’.

Dr Annette Davison, Director of iConneXX and organiser of the event said, “There is so much pressure now for women to take on these high power roles and still have a strong presence in the family home that it is no wonder that our health is struggling.”

“We’re seeing more cardiac illness and psychological problems associated with busy lifestyles as well as fertility issues associated with stress and the fact that professional women are leaving children until later, but there is not enough knowledge out there about how work places can identify the risks and then do something about them!”

Addressing the health and wellbeing issues associated with executive roles and providing options for workplaces to make the necessary changes is an essential part of growing and maintaining a healthy community and creating successful businesses.


Taken from DynamicBusiness.Com.Au; source article is below:
Executive women face serious ‘male’ health problems

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Wednesday, October 13, 2010

No choice but take bank loans

What can I say? This one from real-life experience: "I feel your pain..."
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I REFER to reports that fewer households are defaulting on their HDB loan repayments and would like to applaud the Housing Board's efforts in helping Singaporeans resolve their HDB mortgage problems. The HDB has done a remarkable job in reducing the number of HDB loans in arrears from 33,670 in September 2008, to 26,000 in June 2010, even in the midst of Singapore's worst recession.

The HDB helped 2,000 home owners "right-size" their flats in order to clear their loan arrears and extended an extra loan to 2,700 between January 2008 and June this year to help them downgrade their flats, even though they had already enjoyed two concessionary loans.

However, I would like to know the statistics for HDB bank loans as well, as I understand that there are more than 100,000 outstanding HDB bank loans.

The data appears to suggest that more people are taking HDB bank loans, as the number of outstanding HDB loans has declined from 426,270 in September 2008 to 393,000 in June this year, despite an increase of 50,000 in the number of new and resale HDB flat sales each year on average.

More people may have no choice but to take bank loans because of present and past policies that makes them ineligible for HDB loans.

After the HDB changed its policy on the maximum loan tenure to one based on the average age of the owners instead of the youngest applicant, some many also have opted for bank loans in order to enjoy longer loan tenures and lower monthly repayments. Also, since bank loans interest rates have generally been lower than HDB's 2.6 per cent in recent years, in the first three years, some may also have opted for or switched to bank loans.

The latest policy change allows a second HDB loan for downgraders and those who are not buying a bigger sized flat, provided all the CPF plus accrued interest and half of the cash profits from their previous flat sale are utilised in purchasing the second flat. This may result in the second loan quantum is not sufficient, because the previous flat was sold many years ago with the CPF plus accrued interest already utilised or cash profits already spent. Flat buyers in this situation may also have no choice but to take HDB bank loans.

So, how many HDB bank loans are in arrears over three months and how many flats have been foreclosed since
banks were allowed to do HDB loans on Jan 1, 2003?

As for compulsory acquisitions being "very rare" at slightly more than 1,480 since January 2008, this may just be part of the picture, as most who could not pay would have sold in the open market, with cash-over-valuation, instead of disposal by compulsory acquisition at only 90 per cent of valuation by the HDB.

How many have been forced to sell their homes, with cash and/or CPF losses?



From TODAY, Voices - Thursday, 23-Sep-2010
No choice but take bank loans
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I came upon this article in TODAY daily, and I wasn't paying attention to it, until I saw another article that is actually debunking the 'myth' stated here, or, to be exact, clarified the so-called 'hoax' that this article was based on.

It wouldn't be fun and interesting if you immediately read the other article, so read this one first.
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Retire early, live longer
Studies show that you die two years earlier for every year you work beyond 55

Letter from Tan Kok Tim

I REFER to Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew’s comments in “I don’t think there should be a retirement age: MM” (July 29).

Japanese Nobel Laureate Dr Leo Esaki once spoke on the relationship between longevity and retirement age. He revealed that the pension funds in many large companies such as AT&T, Boeing, Lockheed, Lucent, and so on, are overfunded as many who retire at the age of 65, usually die within two years of retirement.

Separately, Dr Ephrem Cheng of the University of Alberta did an actuarial study of lifespan versus age at retirement, based on the number of pension cheques sent to Boeing Aerospace retirees. It found that staff who retire at the age of 50 had an average lifespan of 86. Those who retire at the age of 65 live to an average age of just 66.8.

This study concludes that for every year a person works beyond the age of 55, he lives an average of two years less.

In other words, Boeing employees who retire at the age of 65 receive pension cheques for only 18 months, on average, before dying. Lockheed, similarly, found that employees retiring at the age of 65 take only an average of 17 months of pension prior to death.

People who retire at the age of 65 or older probably put too much stress on their ageing bodies and minds, such that they develop serious health problems that ultimately force them to retire. With such long-term stress-related problems, they die within two years after they retire.

On the flipside, people who retire early might either be richer or better able to plan and manage the various aspects of their life, health and career well, such that they can afford to retire early and comfortably.

Many of these early retirees still continue doing some work, but on a part-time or project basis, at a more leisurely pace, without the stress of the daily grind.

Most Japanese workers retire at the age of 60 or under. One wonders if this is a factor contributing to the long average lifespan the Japanese enjoy.

The lesson here: As you get older, you should consider planning your career path and financial matters so that you can retire comfortably at an early age, and enjoy a long and happy life in retirement.

On the other hand, if we are encouraged to stay in the pressure-cooker corporate world until the age of 65 or older, it could impact our health and lifespan.

I hope Singaporeans will factor in how stressful their jobs are at work when contemplating at what age to retire. There are hidden costs to not having a retirement age that may not be obvious until it is too late.

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So are you retiring early?

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Well, if this study points out that the stock exchange is ruled by men, would you trust your stocks trading to a female trader?

Just asking.

Read on...
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Testosterone an elixir for stock market success


WASHINGTON - The most successful stock traders have higher levels of the male hormone testosterone, providing a dramatic boost to their confidence and drive, according to a British study published Monday.

Researchers at Cambridge University found that testosterone also appears to increase traders' appetite for risk-taking a quality likely to enhance the performance of those who earn a living in the high-stakes world of the stock market.

"Market traders, like some other occupations (such as air traffic controllers), work under extreme pressure and the consequences of the rapid decisions they have to make can have profound consequences for them, and for the market as a whole," said Professor Joe Herbert, Cambridge Center for Brain Repair, one of the researchers on the study, which was to be published Monday in the Annals of the National Academy of Sciences.

The Complete Guide to Investing in Short Term Trading: How to Earn High Rates of Returns SafelyThe researchers also noted that success fueled by testosterone feeds itself, in part because it leads to the production of even more testosterone.

In male athletes, for example, testosterone levels rise prior to competition, and rise even further in a winning athlete, but decrease in a losing one.

The phenomenon called the "winner effect," can increase confidence and risk-taking and improve chances of winning yet again, in a positive feedback loop.

"Hormones may also be important for determining how well an individual trader performs in the highly stressful and competitive world of the market. We are now exploring this in much more detail," the researchers wrote.

The study followed 17 male traders in the City of London for eight consecutive business days.

Trend Trading for a Living: Learn the Skills and Gain the Confidence to Trade for a LivingTo measure the traders' hormones, they took saliva samples twice per day at 11:00 am and 4:00 pm, times that fell before and after the bulk of the days trading. At each sampling time, traders recorded the traders' profits and losses for the day.

They found that daily testosterone levels were significantly higher on days when traders had a higher than customary daily average.

On the down side however elevated testosterone may explain why stock traders sometimes make irrational choices that lead to bubbles and crashes.

Researchers speculated that if testosterone levels continued to rise or became chronically elevated, it could prompt traders to engage in reckless risk-taking and undermine their profitability.

They noted that earlier studies have linked administered testosterone to impulsivity, sensation-seeking and harmful risk-taking.

High Probability tradingDr. John Coates, lead author of the study said: "If testosterone reaches physiological limits, as it might during a market bubble, it can turn risk-taking into a form of addiction."

Coates, himself a former trader, added: "At times like these economics has to consider the physiology of investors, not just their rationality." - AFP/ar


From ChannelNewsAsia.com; source article is below:Testosterone an elixir for stock market success
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I would like to say that this is a real-life encounter, but I must confess, and I believe, that this is purely some story conjured up to bring us to our senses when we're already forgetting that the best things in life are simple, and should be enjoyed as simple as possible - no complications.

Enjoy!
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The Biblical Guide to Wealth, Health, and HappinessA boat docked in a tiny Mexican fishing village.

A tourist complimented the local fishermen on the quality of their fish and asked how long it took him to catch them.

"Not very long," they answered in unison.

"Why didn't you stay out longer and catch more?"

The fishermen explained that their small catches were sufficient to meet their needs and those of their families.

"But what do you do with the rest of your time?"

"We sleep late, fish a little, play with our children, and take siestas with our wives. In the evenings, we go into the village to see our friends, have a few drinks, play the guitar, and sing a few songs. We have a full life."

The tourist interrupted, "I have an MBA from Harvard and I can help you!"

The Richest Man Who Ever Lived: King Solomon's Secrets to Success, Wealth, and Happiness"You should start by fishing longer every day. You can then sell the extra fish you catch.
With the extra revenue, you can buy a bigger boat."

"And after that?"

"With the extra money the larger boat will bring, you can buy a second one and a third one and so on until you have an entire fleet of trawlers. Instead of selling your fish to a middle man, you can then negotiate directly with the processing plants and maybe even open your own plant."

"You can then leave this little village and move to Mexico City, Los Angeles, or even New York City! From there you can direct your huge new enterprise."

"How long would that take?"

"Twenty, perhaps twenty-five years," replied the tourist.

"And after that?"

The Law of Happiness : Biblical Ethics and Biblical Anthropology"Afterward? Well, my friend, that's when it gets really interesting," answered the tourist, laughing.

"When your business gets really big, you can start buying and selling stocks and make millions!"

"Millions? Really? And after that?" asked the fishermen.

"After that you'll be able to retire, live in a tiny village near the coast, sleep late, play with your children, catch a few fish, take a siesta with your wife and spend your evenings drinking and enjoying your friends."

"With all due respect sir, but that's exactly what we are doing now."

"So what's the point wasting twenty-five years?" asked the Mexicans.



A Life of Joy: Learn the Ways to Have Biblical Joy and Gladness and Feel the Joy of the Lord or What the Bible Says About Finding Joy and Happiness and Experiencing Peace as a Christian WomanAnd the moral of the story is:

Know where you're going in life… you may already be there.
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John T.Image via Wikipedia
I came across this article, and I am fascinated, being a musician, how my 'other side' can be actually a learning medium for me. What I'm saying is that I am a musical director, and while that is at a small scale, in my capacity, it equates.

Isn't that interesting?

Anyway, there is this article which tries to direct us to learning about leadership from conductors. Honestly, at first, being in the semiconductor industry, I thought that the 'conductor' he was referring to is the conductor in electricity. It turns out he is referring to the conductor in an orchestra. And I can affirm what he is saying here.

So the fascination adds up. And for the article, read on...



What Conductors Can Teach Us About Leadership in Business and in Life

Leadership is very personal. There isn't a right or a wrong way to do it. I've seen many styles and almost all have a place. It depends on the situation and the personalities of the leader and those being led.

In general, I've observed two broad leadership styles in business and in life, one common and one not so much. The first kind of leader believes they have to protect their position and that others hold their success against them. No one is to be trusted. Respect is earned grudgingly, never given freely. They keep back information, are notorious for being passive aggressive and generally don't play well with others. Command and control are their princes. Hierarchy is their castle.

8 Keys to Self-LeadershipThis article is for managers who practice the other style. Managers who have the confidence to be open to ideas and contributions regardless of source. Their confidence also allows them to hear and accept criticism. And, if the feedback is fairly given, if it takes the team to a better place, they will accept and acknowledge its truth and incorporate the feedback into the plan, without concern that they will be perceived as weak. Credit is broadly distributed and all are respected without regard for position.

The first type is, I'm sorry to say, quite common and often achieves considerable success by focusing solely on short-term goals. The second approach is often criticized as "soft," usually by managers who pursue the first style, but don't be fooled. If given a chance, the "softer" approach is much more likely to bring innovation and growth to your organization. And, if you had the choice, who would you rather be led by? Well, so would your employees.

So now the question is,

"If I'm the second type, how can I do a better job? How do I become a better manager?"


Conductors Are Great Leaders

Enhancing Leadership Effectiveness Through Psychological Type: A Development Guide for Using Psychological Type With Executives, Managers, Supervisors, and Team LeadersYou can learn a lot by watching how conductors lead their orchestras. When I was a music student, many, many years ago, I had the good fortune to play in several orchestras led by excellent conductors. I learned a lot from them, things I use every day in business and in life. It's the approach that works for me and it may for you. Look for and foster the characteristics of a conductor in yourself, in your employees and in any hires you are considering.

Conductors focus their ego on the orchestra.

A conductor draws the best from the musicians in the orchestra by providing clear direction and by creating the environment where their talents can make the music better, an environment where they can shine. While the conductor is clearly the leader, their back is to the audience, so it isn't about what they can do, it's about what the orchestra can do. The great conductors focuses their egos on the orchestra's success.

Conductors are active listeners.

Choosing Appropriate Project Managers: Matching Their Leadership Style to the Type of ProjectActive listening is an important part of being an effective conductor. It is also important to business success. Listening is something we do all the time, take for granted actually, but great conductors are great listeners. How you listen to colleagues, to customers, to yourself is key. Are you just there or is listening a conscious activity? Are you thinking about what you want to say or about what is being said? A conductor listens with their eyes. They see what the music and musicians are and should be doing. Do you listen with your eyes?

Conductors conduct with empathy.

A conductor consider all points of view. They need to think like the individual musicians, to sit in their chairs, to understand how their part fits into the music being performed. Think about your team members' backgrounds and situations, and yours, and how it could be influencing their and your perspectives. Engage team members with your eyes and with your questions. Don't immediately judge what they say; consider their points of view or comments from a their perspective. When you lead, lead with empathy.

Conductors don't stifle individuality.

Developing Leaders: Research and Applications in Psychological Type and Leadership DevelopmentRecognize that team members will have their own styles. Great conductors adjust the performance to suit the individual styles of the musicians they are leading. Adjusting to team members' styles, rather than forcing them to match your style, makes them feel comfortable with you. If they are comfortable, if they aren't fighting to make their style work with yours, the team can focus on producing great work.

Conductors are self aware.

Leaders often underestimate the impact they have. A conductor can signal a whole section of the orchestra with a glance. The team is paying attention. Listen to yourself. Carefully consider the words you choose. Are they designed to draw out the conversation or close it down? Are you being judgmental or are you communicating openness to dissent and discussion?

Are you talking too much? A key to effective leadership is keeping your mouth shut. A pause in the conversation isn't always a bad thing. Watch the person you are talking to. Listen with your eyes. Are they thinking about the discussion? Are they formulating a comment, a question, a contribution? Let them finish. Don't immediately attempt to fill the space. Let the conversation develop at its pace. You will be amazed at what you can learn if you are paying attention and not talking.

Conductors make music, not noise.

Differentiated School Leadership: Effective Collaboration, Communication, and Change Through Personality TypeDissonance is what makes music interesting. Without it there isn't any drama; if there's no drama, it's boring. Conductors manage dissonance within the confines of the music's structure. It's the structure that give the dissonance a frame within which it becomes music. Without structure dissonance is noise.

Leaders understand this. They maintain and support societal structure, sometimes called common courtesy, to create an environment conducive to discourse. Leaders encourage discussion including disagreements but don't let it get out of control, they don't let it leave the realm of common courtesy. If you do, you lose the benefits that come from straightforward discussion and honest disagreement. Think 12 bar blues.

So what kind of leader are you?

    Introduction to Type and Leadership (Develop more effective leaders of every type)
  • Be a conductor. Focus on the team's success. Provide the leadership and resources team members need to solo and to play as an ensemble.
  • It's important to be confident, all great conductors have an ego, but focus your confidence on the work, on the team, so that they are successful and their success will become yours.
  • Let the team take its bows before you take yours. Without them you're nothing but a man or women with a short stick.
  • Great talent wants to work with great talent. Show your greatness by creating an environment where all can flourish.
  • Respect the people you work with. You will find it returned in spades.
  • Protect your people, stifle politics. Great things come when smart people are focused on the opportunity rather than protecting their backsides.
  • Be honest, with yourself and with others.
  • Listen, listen with your conscious mind, with empathy and care to many voices. And listen to what you're saying and how you're saying it. If you're talking you aren't listening.
  • Maintain decorum and civility within the team. Be the boss if that's what it takes. Keep the conversation courteous and respectful and great ideas will be born.


Transformational Leadership: 92 Tips For Using The Different Types Of Leadership To Identify Leadership Traits That Uncover Your Leadership StrengthsJames Hipkin, understands the practice of marketing as only someone with decades of practical experience can. His multi-disciplined background and broad exposure to major B2C brands in Europe and the US give him a unique perspective that leaders of businesses, big and small, can benefit from. James is available for consulting assignments and is an accomplished speaker. For more of his thoughts on Marketing Strategy, Customer Relationship Marketing and innovation go to Hipkin's Hip Shots.

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Taken from Ezine article directory with the same title:
What Conductors Can Teach Us About Leadership in Business and in Life
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New Orchard Road - Flower ZoneImage via Wikipedia
When Orchard Central opens in June, the mall will be the first to open on Orchard Road in over 10 years. At the media preview yesterday, developer Far East Organization said it is targeting for a 75-per-cent occupancy by then. It now stands at 65 per cent. Director of Retail Management Susan Leng said that although very few new tenants had signed up in the last few months, more are now keen to lease space as the 12-storey mall nears completion.

“We are actually getting very encouraging results, and in the last few weeks, we have been chasing our lawyers to get the documentation ready,” said Ms Leng. She declined to reveal when she expects Orchard Central to be fully occupied, saying it’s hard to forecast during such tough economic times.

For concerned tenants who had signed leases before the recession, Ms Leng said Far East is reviewing their contracts and offering assistance to those who need it. Some of the new mall’s special features include a 24-hour rooftop garden, $9 million worth of commissioned artwork and an entire floor catering to all things Mediterranean.
- 93.8 LIVE


From TODAY, Business – Thursday, 09-April-2009
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Image representing EzineArticles as depicted i...Image via CrunchBase
This is an eZine article original, and the lesson presented is not to be missed; if missed, then it is a recommended read. Finally, the read is no value if the lesson is not applied.

After reading this, you would know what was the dispute before, whether a manager is a leader, or is a leader a manager? Are they different? In what ways are they similar? What functions do they serve?
Read on...
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Abraham Zaleznik on Leadership

E-Myth Mastery: The Seven Essential Disciplines for Building a World Class CompanyIn the late 1970's and early 80's a number of writers ganged up on management. They were looking for a scapegoat to blame for the failure of U.S. business to cope with the Japanese commercial invasion. The war cry was to replace managers with leaders. One of the most strident critics of management was the Harvard Business School professor, Abraham Zaleznik. It is time to bring management back from the dead, to take its rightful place alongside leadership as an essential organizational function. To do this we need to expose the writings of management's detractors to show what nonsense they were writing. Actually, there was nothing wrong with the function of management in the 1970's, just the way it was practiced. The attack of Zaleznik is especially important to address because the Harvard Business Review is still publishing his original 1977 article (Managers and leaders: Are they different?) in their collection of articles on leadership, thereby creating the impression that his views are still relevant and up to date when they are actually dangerously outdated and harmful.

Zaleznik makes his case against modern management by comparing it with Fredrick Taylor's scientific management theories. Bearing in mind that Taylor died in 1915, it is astonishing that Zaleznik does not demonstrate why it is legitimate to compare Taylor's views with the way modern managers operate, so his views are questionable even before we start to examine his arguments.

Managerial Mystique: Restoring Leadership in Business

In a book published in 1989, The Managerial Mystique, Zaleznik says that ''what Taylor proposed through his system of management lies at the core of how modern managers are supposed to think and act. The principle is rationality. The aim is efficiency.'' Most importantly, Zaleznik believed that managers and leaders differ in terms of their personalities. Taking his lead from Taylor, Zaleznik describes managers as being cold efficiency machines who ''adopt impersonal, if not passive, attitudes towards goals.'' Further, ''Managers see themselves as conservators and regulators of an existing order of affairs.'' He tells us that ''managers' tactics appear flexible: on the one hand they negotiate and bargain; on the other, they use rewards, punishments, and other forms of coercion.'' So, managers are only apparently flexible and they are coercive, even manipulative in Zaleznik's eyes. In his 1977 article Zaleznik makes exactly the same claim, stating that: ''...one often hears subordinates characterize managers as inscrutable, detached and manipulative.''

Zaleznik would have us believe that, while managers seek activity with people, they ''maintain a low level of emotional involvement in those relationships.'' They also apparently ''lack empathy''. Zaleznik expands on the emotional theme in The Managerial Mystique by telling us that managers ''operate within a narrow range of emotions. This emotional blandness when combined with the preoccupation on process, leads to the impression that managers are inscrutable, detached and even manipulative.

Seven Myths about Small Groups: How to Keep from Falling Into Common TrapsIt is not clear what evidence Zaleznik has for these damning charges. He seems to be doing nothing more than extrapolating from Fredrick Taylor's conception of management without ever asking himself whether management as a function is committed to Taylor's characterization of it. Starting with Taylor's worship of machine-like efficiency, Zaleznik has tarred all managers for all time with the same brush.

Zaleznik believes that leaders are creative and interested in substance while managers are only interested in process - how things are done, not what. For Zaleznik, ''leaders, who are more concerned with ideas, relate in more intuitive and empathetic ways.'' No doubt leaders are more interested in ideas than how they get implemented, but there is no basis whatsoever for calling leaders more empathetic than managers.

Fundamentally, there is no real basis for this personality distinction. It is not good enough to say that managers were controlling from the time of Taylor until the Japanese invasion showed them up. Even if this is historically accurate, there is nothing in this alleged fact that commits management to operating today in this manner. The simple way around Zaleznik's condemnation of management is to define it functionally, in terms of what purpose it serves, not in terms of how it actually achieves its purpose. This leaves the means of managing completely open.

Management versus Leadership

The Congruent Leader: An Integral Model for the Evolution of Effective LeadershipAn easy way of defining leadership and management is to say that leaders promote new directions while managers execute existing ones. In addition, it is widely recognized today that leaders can have widely different personalities ranging from quiet, determined and factual to bubbly, erratic but inspiring cheerleader types. The whole movement to differentiate leaders from managers along personality lines has failed miserably and it is time to give it up. The truth is that both leaders and managers can be inspiring, they just have a different focus. An inspiring leader moves us to change direction while an inspiring manager motivates to work harder. Yes, managers promote efficiency, but this doesn't have to mean Fredrick Taylor's mechanistic assembly line efficiency. Management is like investment. Effective managers deploy all resources at their disposal where they will get the best return on that investment. In modern organizations, populated by intelligent knowledge workers, this might mean setting up self-managing teams. To get the best return out of such talent, modern managers need to be good coaches, nurturers and developers of people. Of course, they need to measure and monitor performance to know if their deployments of people are paying off, but this does not entail doing so in a cold, mechanical or controlling manner.

In conclusion, management is just as important a function in organizations as leadership and it is time to cast aside the views of writers such as Abraham Zaleznik who argue otherwise. Moreover, the fact that his writing is still endorsed by the Harvard Business School raises questions about their credibility.


See http://www.leadersdirect.com for more information on this and related topics. Mitch McCrimmon has over 30 years experience in executive assessment and coaching. His latest book, Burn! 7 Leadership Myths in Ashes, 2006, challenges conventional thinking on leadership. Warning: you might find it annoying if you are committed to the usual platitudes about leadership.


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